Fuel Economy Guide

Volkswagen in Fuel Economy Guide 2009

Causes Of Global Warming

The majority of the scientific community believes that global warming is a real threat to the world as we know it today. They believe that global warming mostly results from the emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases from human activities such as industrial processes, fossil fuel combustion, and deforestation.

There are many causes of global warming. One cause is carbon dioxide that is made from the burning of fossil fuels from power plants for the purpose of electricity generation. Coal makes up 93% of these emissions. Coal emits 1.7 times more carbon per unit of energy when burned than natural gas and 1.25 times more carbon than oil. Consequently, natural gas gives off 50% less carbon dioxide for the same amount of energy produced. Another cause is carbon dioxide that is made from the burning of gasoline in internal-combustion engines of cars, minivans, sport utility vehicles, pick-up trucks, and jeeps. Poor gas mileage is considered the main culprit here. According to the Environmental Protection Agency's 2000 Fuel Economy Guide, a new Dodge Durango sports utility vehicle (with a 5.9 liter engine) that gets 12 miles per gallon in the city will emit around 800 pounds of carbon dioxide over a distance of 500 city miles; this translates to 19.6 pounds of carbon dioxide emitted into the air for every gallon of gas a vehicle consumes.

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Frequently Asked Questions

  1. QUESTION:
    what are some physical and human causes that made global warming worse?
    Hey, I'm doing a school project and we need to find out what are some physical human causes that contributed to global warming and made it worse.

    Examples could be:

    Carbon Dioxide Emitted from Cars
    About 33% of U.S carbon dioxide emissions comes from the burning of gasoline in internal-combustion engines of cars and light trucks (minivans, sport utility vehicles, pick-up trucks, and jeeps).US Emissions Inventory 2006 page 8 Vehicles with poor gas mileage contribute the most to global warming. For example, according to the E.P.A's 2000 Fuel Economy Guide, a new Dodge Durango sports utility vehicle (with a 5.9 liter engine) that gets 12 miles per gallon in the city will emit an estimated 800 pounds of carbon dioxide over a distance of 500 city miles. In other words for each gallon of gas a vehicle consumes, 19.6 pounds of carbon dioxide are emitted into the air. [21] A new Honda Insight that gets 61 miles to the gallon will only emit about 161 pounds of carbon dioxide over the same distance of 500 city miles. Sports utility vehicles were built for rough terrain, off road driving in mountains and deserts. When they are used for city driving, they are so much overkill to the environment.

    I got that off the internet but can anyone give me more ideas? because it's due next week and I still need to do a poster :) .

    p.s:

    I already have:

    planes
    factories
    buildings
    burning coal for electricity generation
    deforestation
    and Methane

    I've also got: water vapor in the atmosphere increasing but can anyone explain to me how this process goes through? Like: how it works and why it increases, etc.

    Any thing would be great

    (please add explanations for these things- how they are made, what caused it, etc.)

    Thanks.

    • ANSWER:
      first, for vampire, 19 pounds seems low. may i explain?
      second, MY APPOLOGIES TO VAMPIRE.
      seems he pointed out the errors (plural) of my ways in an email.
      as did phoenix, below.

      gasoline weighs 6.216 pounds per gallon.
      ideal gasoline is C8H18

      when burned, it is 8CO2 and 9H2O

      so it goes from an atomic weight of 8*12+18 = 114
      to an atomic weight of 8*(12+2*16) + 9*18 = 514
      BUT, only 8 * (12 + (2 * 16)) = 352 is CO2

      so 6.216*(352/114) = 6.21600 * (352 / 114) = 19.1932632 pounds.
      so, 19 pounds is looking a bit better. my apologies.
      (it was late, i should'a been in bed. kind of like when i was programming. 1 drink for lunch, go back and work. 2, go write notes. 3, don't go back to work.)

      <>

      actually, water vapor is not increasing.
      CO2 is increasing.
      from burning coal, and oil, and natural gas.
      water condenses out, and rains, when there's too much of it.
      CO2 does not do that.

      If you have a 2,000 square foot house, and a roof that same size, then a hundred years ago, there was 1,800 pounds of CO2 in the column of air directly over your house.
      today, there is 2,400 pounds of CO2 in that same column of air.
      There is considerably more today.

      These 2 links will show you how heating is occurring, and the physics behind why CO2 is a problem.

      http://dels.nas.edu/dels/rpt_briefs/climate_change_2008_final.pdf <== here's the science.
      http://www.rkm.com.au/ANIMATIONS/carbon-dioxide-global-warming.html <== here's the physics.

      Edit: as for people who claim we breathe and create CO2, before us, it was buffalo that did the same. AND, they created methane as well. all ruminants do that. get over it folks, it's the coal and oil that are the problem.

  2. QUESTION:
    What is the third quartile of the distribution of gas mileage?
    Use Table A and give your answer in mpg to 2 decimal places.

    In its Fuel Economy Guide for 2008 model vehicles, the Environmental Protection Agency gives data on 1152 vehicles.
    There are a number of outliers, mainly vehicles with very poor gas mileage.
    If we ignore the outliers, however, the combined city and highway gas mileage of the other 1120 or so vehicles is approximately Normal with mean 18.7 miles per gallon (mpg) and standard deviation 4.3 mpg.
    The quartiles of any distribution are the values with cumulative proportions 0.25 and 0.75.
    They span the middle half of the distribution.
    What are the quartiles of the distribution of gas mileage?

    • ANSWER:
      Since this is normal, the median and the mean are the same.
      the 1st quartile is at the 25% level, meaning 25% of the data is at or below this
      using a z-table, the z-score is around -0.67
      using z-score
      z=x-?/?
      solve for x
      x=z?+?
      x=-0.67 x 4.3+18.7
      x=15.819

      Now, for the 3rd quartile or the 75th percentile
      from z-table
      P=0.75 z=0.67

      use z-score to solve for x
      x=z?+?
      x=0.67 x 4.3+18.7
      x=21.581

      so the 1st and 2nd quartiles are
      15.819 and 21.581

  3. QUESTION:
    I don't understand. Stat Problem?
    In it's Fuel Economy Guide for 2008 model Vehicles, for the Environmental Protection Agency gives data on 1152 vehicles. There are a number of outlier, mainly vehicles with very poor gas mileage. If we ignore the outliers, however, the combined city and highway gas mileage of the other 1120 or so vehicles is approximately Normal with mean 18.7 miles per gallon(mpg) and standard deviation 4.3 mpg.

    The quintiles of any distribution are the values with cumulative proportions 0.20,0.40,0.60, and 0.80. What are the quintiles of the distribution of gas mileage?

    • ANSWER:
      Quintile means that you divide the normal curve into 5 equally probabilistic portions.

      Remember how a subset within 1 standard deviation of the mean will contain 68% of the set?
      Well, now you want to find a subset within x standard deviation of the mean that will contain 20% of the set.

      An easy way would be to just go through the standard deviation chart and find the boundaries of 20%, 40%, etc.

      Well the answer is here
      -0.842
      -0.253
      0.253
      0.842
      These are multiplied by the standard deviation, of course

  4. QUESTION:
    Statistics - Please Help?
    Miles per gallon. In its Fuel Economy Guide for 2008 model vehicles, the Environmental Protection Agency gives data on 1152 vehicles.
    There are a number of outliers, mainly vehicles with very poor gas mileage.
    If we ignore the outliers, however, the combined city and highway gas mileage of the other 1120 or so vehicles is approximately Normal with mean 18.7 miles per gallon (mpg) and standard deviation 4.3 mpg.
    The quartiles of any distribution are the values with cumulative proportions 0.25 and 0.75.
    They span the middle half of the distribution.
    What are the quartiles of the distribution of gas mileage?

    What is the first quartile of the distribution of gas mileage?
    Use Table A and give your answer in mpg to 1 decimal place.
    Fill in the blank:
    Answer

    What is the third quartile of the distribution of gas mileage?
    Use Table A and give your answer in mpg to 2 decimal places.

    Answer

    • ANSWER:
      :)

  5. QUESTION:
    Before Buying a car from a private buyer, ask to see ?
    1) Certificate of Title
    2)Buyers Guide
    3) Adhesion Contract
    4) Fuel Economy Label

    • ANSWER:
      Before Buying a car from a private buyer, ask to see ?
      The Car. (Sorry I was never good at multiple choice!)